病例翻譯-體檢之頭頸部癥狀說明中英文
1、頭顱[cranium,skull]
·頭顱變形[deforming skull]
·頭形（圍）[head contour (circumference)]
·小顱（尖顱，巨顱）[microcephalism (acrocephalia,large skull)]
·長（短）頭[dolichocephalia (brachycephalism)]
·方（塔）顱[squared (tower) skull]
·落日現(xiàn)象[sitting sun phenomenon]
·顱縫[cranial suture]
·前（后）囟門[anterior (posterior) fontanel]
·囟門膨出（塌陷）[bulging (edpressed) fontanel]
·囟門晚（早）閉[delayded (earlier) closure of the fontanel]
2、眼球[eyeball]
·眼球浮動[ocular bobbing]
·眼球破裂[eyeball rupture]
·眼球穿孔傷[ocular-perforating injury]
·眼球內(nèi)異物[intralcular foreign body]
·眼距增寬（變窄）[ocular hypertelorism (hypotelorism)]
·眼球萎縮[atrophy of eyeball]
·眼球突出（凹陷）[exophthalmos (enophthalmos)]
·眼球震顫[nystagmus]
·眼球固定[eyeball fixation (stare)]
·眼球活動受限[limitation of eye movement]
·假眼[ocular prosthesis]
·眼外肌運(yùn)動[extraocular movements]
3、眼瞼[eyelids]
·瞼內(nèi)（外）翻[entropion (ectropion)]
·流淚[lacrimation]
·上瞼下垂[ptosis]
·眼瞼痙攣（松馳）[blepharospasm (blepharo-chalasis)]
·眼瞼水腫（紅腫）[edema (redness and swelling) of the eyelids]
·瞬目過少[nictitation diminution(lid lag )]
·瞬目過多[frequent nictitation (blinking)]
·眼裂縮?。ㄔ鰧挘blepharophimosis (blepharodia stasis)]
·眼瞼充血[blepharal hyperemia]
·淚囊[lacrimal sac ]
·睫毛反射[eyelash reflexes]
·壓眶反射[reaction to pressure on the supraocular notch]
·皺眉（皺額，閉目）[raise eyebrows (wrinkle forehead,force eyelids closing)]
4、結(jié)膜[conjunctive]
·結(jié)膜反射[conjunctival reflexes]
·充血[congestion]
·紅（白）[redness (pallor)]
·球結(jié)膜水腫[chemosis]
·結(jié)膜濾泡（濾泡增生）[conjunctival follicle (folliculosis)]
·沙眼[trachoma]
·胬肉[pterygium]
·水樣（膿性）分泌物[watery (purulent) discharge]
5、角膜和鞏膜[cornea and sclerae]
·角膜反射[corneal reflexes]
·角膜混濁[cornea opacity]
·透明（不透明）的[transparent (opaque)]
·異物[foreign body]
·老年環(huán)[arcus senilis]
·潰瘍（穿孔）[ulcer (perferation)]
·黃染（無黃染）[stained yellow (anicteric)]
6、瞳孔[pupil]
·右眼[OD (oculus dextet)]
·左眼[OS (oculus sinister)]
·2mm大小[2mm in size]
·等大等園[be equal and round ]
·瞳孔大小不一[unevenness of pupils (anisocoria)]
·固定[fixed]
·瞳孔縮小[contraction of pupils (miosis)]
·瞳孔散大[dilation of pupils (platycoria)]
·瞳孔畸形（閉鎖）[deformity (seclusion) of pupils]
·直接（間接）對光反射[direct (consensual) response to light]
·瞳孔對光反射（佳）（差）[good (poor) light reflex of pupils]
·對光反射存在[retain light reflexes]
·調(diào)節(jié)反射[accommodation reflex]
·輻輳反射[convergence reflex]
7、視力和視野[Vision and Visual fields]
·視力模糊（減退，差）[blurred (impaired, poor) Vision]
·弱視[amblyopia]
·復(fù)視[double vision (diplopia)]
·斜視[strabismus]
·麻痹性斜視[paralytic squint]
·偏盲[hemiscotosis]
·失明[amaurosis (blindness)]
·夜盲[night blindness]
·色盲[color blindness]
·全色盲[achromatopsia]
·綠（藍(lán)）色盲[achromatopsia green(blue) blindness]
·紅-綠色盲[red-green blindness]
·色弱[color weakness]
·遠(yuǎn)視[far-sightedness (far –sighted,hyeropia)]
·近視[short-sightedness (short-sighted,nearsightedness,myopia)]
·右（左）眼200度[200 degree,OD(OS)]
·左（右）眼視力[OS(OD) vision]
·視野完整[full (intact) visual fields]
·象限視野缺損[tetarfanopia]
·單側(cè)（雙顳側(cè)）缺損[unilateral (bitemporal) defect]
·視野缺損[visual field defect]
·視野縮小[contraction of visual field]
8、眼底和眼壓[fundus and intraocular pressure]
·眼底鏡檢查[fundoscopy (ophthalmoscopy)]
·眼底清晰[fundi are clear]
·小動脈（小靜脈）[arteriole (venule)]
·小動脈狹窄[narrow arteriole]
·小動脈硬化[arteriolosclerosis]
·微動脈瘤[microaneurysm]
·動靜脈壓跡[A-V nicking]
·點(diǎn)狀（頭焰樣）出血[punctate (flame) hemorrhage]
·視乳頭色素沉著[pigmentation of disc (retina)]
·視神經(jīng)乳頭（視神經(jīng)）水腫[papilledema (papilloedema)]
·視乳頭凹陷（蒼白）[excavation (pallor) of optic disc]
·視網(wǎng)膜出血（水腫，滲出）[retinal hemorrhage (edema,exudation)]
·視網(wǎng)膜色素變性[pigmentary degeneration of retina]
·視網(wǎng)膜剝離[retinodialysis]
·視網(wǎng)膜變性（損傷）[retinal degeneration (injury)]
·測眼壓[intraocular pressure measurement]
·眼壓升高（降低）[increase (decrease) of intraocular pressure]
9、耳廓和外耳道[pinna and external canal]
·紅（腫、痛，壓痛）[redness (swelling,pain,tenderness)]
·糜爛（滲出物，膿性分泌物）[erosion (exudate,purulent discharge)]
·皰疹（瘺管，小水皰，血皰）[herpes (fistula,visicle,blood blisters)]
·狹窄（閉鎖）[stenosis (clausura)]
·耵聹（耵聹栓塞，耵聹過多）[cerumen (ceruminal impaction,ceruminosis)]
·耳癤[furuncle of ear ]
·耳化膿（溢膿）[otopyosis (otopyorrhea)]
·耳廓假性囊腫[pseudocyst of auricle]
·外耳道異物[foreign body of external auditory canal]
·耵聹鉤（鉗）[cerumen hook (forceps)]
10、鼓膜[tympanic membrane (drum)]
·光反射[light reflex]
·紅色（粉紅色，蒼白）[be red (pink,pale)]
·鼓膜內(nèi)陷[otopiesis (indrawing of drum)]
·鼓膜膨出[umbo (bulge of drum)]
·鼓膜穿孔（粘連）[perforation (adherence) of drum]
·中央（周圍）性穿孔[central (marginal) perforation]
·鼓膜破裂[myringorupture]
·鼓膜增厚（充血，疤痕，皰疹，肉芽）[hypertrophy (congestation,scar,herpes,granulation) of drum]
·鼓室積水（血）[hydrotympanum (hematotympanum)]
11、聽力[audition (hearing)]
·聽覺過敏（減退）[hyperacusis (hypoacusis)]
·聽覺不良（遲鈍，障礙）[dysacousis (bradyacusia, dysacusis)]
·聽覺域[auditory sensation area]
·聽力正常[normal hearing]
·聽力（覺）遲鈍[auditus depression (amblyacousia)]
·聽力障礙[dysaudia]
·聽力喪失[hearing loss (disability)]
·傳導(dǎo)性（神經(jīng)性，感音神經(jīng)性）耳聾[conductive (neural,sensorineural) deafness]
·老年性耳聾[presbycusis]
·音叉試驗(yàn)[tuning fork test]
·秒表（耳語）聽力檢查[stopwatch (whisper) audiometry]
·韋伯氏試驗(yàn)（骨導(dǎo)偏向試驗(yàn)）[Weber’s test]
·任內(nèi)氏試驗(yàn)（氣骨導(dǎo)聽力比較試驗(yàn)）[Rinne’s test]
·施瓦巴赫氏試驗(yàn)（骨導(dǎo)對比試驗(yàn)）[Schwabach’s test]
12、鼻[nose]
·酒渣鼻[rosacea]
·鞍（蛙狀）鼻[saddle(frog) nose]
·畸形（腫脹，潰瘍）[deformity (swelling,ulcer)]
·鼻翼扇動[flaring (movement) of alae nasi (nasal ala flap)]
·鼻骨骨折[fracture of nasal bone]
·鼻癤[nasal furuncle]
·鼻道狹窄[rhinostenosis (stenosis of nasal canal)]
·流涕[running nose]
·鼻粘膜干燥（蒼白，紅）[dry (pale,red ) mucosa]
·鼻腔異物[nasal foreign body]
·鼻粘膜萎縮（肥厚，腫脹）[nasal mucosa atrophy (hypertrophy,swelling)]
·鼻孔（甲）[naris (turbinates)]
·上（中、下）鼻甲[superior (middle,inferior ) turbinates]
·鼻塞[nasal obstruction]
·鼻中隔偏移（穿孔，腫脹，血腫，潰瘍）[deviation (perforation,swelling,hematoma,ulcer) of nasal septum]
·鼻（副鼻）竇[nasal (paranasal) sinus]
·額（上頜，蝶，篩）竇[frontal (maxillary,sphenoid,ethmoid) sinus]
·鼻竇壓痛[tenderness over sinuses]
·鼻鏡檢查[rhinoscopy]
13、嗅覺[smell (scent)]
·嗅覺減退（敏銳）[hyposmia (oxyosmia)]
·嗅覺異常[heterosmia]
·嗅覺測定[measurement of olfaction]
·嗅覺倒錯（嗅幻覺）[paraosmia (olfactory hallucination]
·嗅覺缺失[anosmia]
14、口腔粘膜與唇[mucosa of mouth and lips]
·口腔（唇）[oral cavity (lips)]
·口瘢痕攣縮[cicatricial contracture of mouth]
·口瘡[aphtha]
·口角[angle of mouth]
·唇（口角）干裂[cheilosis (angular cheilosis)]
·皺裂[ehagades]
·口裂[oral fissure]
·干燥（濕潤）[dry (moist)]
·口唇干燥[xerocheilia (desiccation fissure)]
·口臭[halitosis (ozostomia)]
·口唇（腔）皰疹[herpes labialis (of mouth)]
·口唇肥厚[lips pachynsis]
·口角糜爛[perleche]
·口腔壞疽[oral gangrene]
·柯潑力克氏斑[Koplik’s spots]
·口腔白斑（潰瘍形成）[oral leukoplakia (ulceration)]
·口水（口涎增多）[saliva (ptyalism)]
·口周蒼白（雀斑）[circum-oral pallor (freckle)]
·閉口困難[open bite (closure lips irreducible)]
·張口受阻（困難）[limitation (difficulty) of mouth opening]
15、牙齒[tooth]
·牙表面[tooth surface]
·牙不齊[odontoloxy (alignment disorder,malalignment)]
·牙發(fā)育不全（異常）[metodontiasis (dysplasia dentalis)]
·牙根折斷[dental root fracture]
·牙齒缺失[anodontia (absence of the tooth)]
·牙脫落[odontoptosis (lose a tooth)]
·缺齒[missing teeth]
·殘根[residual root]
·牙松動[odontoseisis (loosening of the tooth)]
·牙墊[bite-block]
·牙磨損[tooth abrasion]
·牙骨質(zhì)增生[hypercementosis]
·牙冠破裂[cracking of crown]
·牙石[odontolith (tartar,dental calculus)]
·牙列擁擠[crowded dentition]
·牙縫寬[wide interdental space]
·牙萌出過遲（早）[delayed (premature) eruption of tooth]
·牙線[dental floss]
·牙髓腔（炎）[pulp cavity (pulpitis)]
·拔牙[extract (pull out ,draw out,put out) a tooth]
·假牙[false (artificial tooth)]
·假牙[prosthesis]
·鑲牙[insert tooth]
·齲齒[decayed teeth (dental caries)]
·齲洞[carious cavity]
·牙面色素沉著[pigmentation of tooth surface]
·牙關(guān)緊閉[trismus (lockjaw)]
·牙觸（叩擊）痛[tooth tenderness (percussion pain)]
·牙周囊腫（感染，萎縮）[periodontal cyst (infection,atrophy)]
16、牙齦[gum (gingiva)]
·牙齦出血（囊腫，壞疽，撕裂）[gingival bleeding (cyst,gangrene,laceration)]
·牙齦充血（腫脹，糜爛）[gingival engorgement (swelling,erosion)]
·牙齦萎縮（增生）[gingival atropy (hyperplasia)]
·牙齦（牙周）溢膿[gingival pyorrhea (peripyema)]
·牙齦膿腫[gumboil]
17、舌[tongue]
·舌背靜脈[dorsal lingual veins]
·舌顫動[tremulous tongue (lingual tremor)]
·舌淀粉樣變性[amyloid degeneration of tongue]
·舌后墜[glossocoma]
·舌尖麻木[tongue tip numbness]
·舌裂[split tongue]
·舌膿腫（潰瘍）[tongue abscess (ulcer)]
·舌乳頭（體，背）[papillae (body, dorsum) of tongue]
·舌苔[coated (furred) tongue]
·地圖（草莓，鏡面）舌[geographic (strawberry, marror face) tongue]
·裂紋（牛肉）舌[wrinkled (beefy) tongue]
·毛舌[hairy tongue]
·舌光滑（粗糙）[smooth (rough) tongue]
·舌濾泡[lingual follicles]
·舌干燥[sausarism]
·舌肌萎縮（肥厚）[atrophy (hypertrophy) of tongue muscle]
·舌系帶過短[tongue tie (ankyloglossia)]
·舌下囊腫（潰瘍，膿腫，腫塊）[sublingnal cyst (ulcer, abscess, tumor)]
·伸舌困難（偏斜）[difficulty (deviation) of tongue extenison movement]
18、咽和扁桃體[pharynx and tonsil]
·鼻（口）咽[nasal (oral) pharynx]
·扁桃體不腫大[no enlargement of tonsil]
·無充血和滲出[no injection (congestion) and exudate]
·膿點(diǎn)（濾泡，白色小點(diǎn)）[beads of pus (follicle, white particle)]
·扁桃體出血（感染，肥大，潰瘍）[hemorrhage (infection, hypertrophy, ulcer) of tonsil]
·扁桃體腫大[swelling of tonsil]
·扁桃體（后，周圍）膿腫[tonsillar (retrotonsillar, peritonsillar) abscess]
·扁桃體缺如[tonsil deletion]
·扁桃體隱窩（窩）[tonsillar crypts (fossa)]
·咽部異物（潰瘍，分泌物）[pharyneal foreign body (ulcer, secretion)]
·咽后壁淋巴濾泡增生[retropharyneal folliculosis]
·咽部干燥（皰疹，充血，水腫）[dryness (herpes, congestion, swelling) of throat]
·咽反射[pharynx reflex]
·咽下不能[dysphagia]
·腮腺腫大[enlargement of parotid gland]
19、喉[larynx]
·白喉（喉白斑）[diphtheritic croup (leukoplakia of larynx)]
·喉閉鎖[atretolemia]
·喉梗阻[laryngemphraxis (laryngeal obstruction)]
·喉痙攣（狹窄）[laryngeal spasm(laryngo-stenosis)]
·喉頭痙攣[laryngospasm]
·喉反射[laryngeal reflex]
·喉壞死（鈣化）[necrosis (calcification)of larynx]
·喉瘺（囊腫，膿腫，息肉，血腫，異物）[laryngeal fistula(cyst,abscess,polyp,hematoma,foreign body)]
·喉膨出[laryngocele]
·喉缺失[absence of largnx]
·喉頭水腫[laryngeal edema]
·聲嘶（啞）[hoarseness (dumbness)]
·變（失）聲[mutation (loss) of voice]
·失音[aphonia]
·發(fā)音（構(gòu)音）障礙[pararthria (dysarthria)]
·喉部感覺缺失[laryngeal anesthesia]
·會厭發(fā)育不全（擦傷，裂，囊腫，膿腫）[agenesis (abrasion, fissure, cyst, abscess) of epiglottis]
·會厭分叉（結(jié)節(jié)）[bifid epiglottis(epiglottic tubercle)]
·聲帶肥厚[hypertrophy of vocal cords]
·聲帶麻痹[vocal cord paralysis]
·聲帶小結(jié)[vocal nodule]
·聲帶息肉[polyp of vocal cord]
·聲門痙攣[glottis spasm]
·聲門下狹窄[subglottic stenosis]
20、頸部[neck]
·頸部創(chuàng)傷[neck trauma]
·頸部淋巴結(jié)（囊腫）[cervical lymph node (cyst)]
·頸動脈竇按摩[carotid sinus massage]
·頸強(qiáng)直[neck rigidity (stiff-neck rigidity, stiff neck)]
·頸軟[soft neck (supple)]
·斜頸[torticollis]
·角弓反張[opisthotonus]
·頸靜脈搏動（曲張）[jugular pulse (varicosity)]
·頸靜脈怒張[jugular vein distention (JVD)]
·頸靜脈充盈（怒張）[jugular vein is full(distention and prominence)]
·庫斯毛氏征[Kussmaul`s sign]
·肝頸反流[hepatojugular reflex]
·收縮期（舒張期）囊顫[systolic (diastolic) thrill]
·頸動脈搏動異常（增強(qiáng)、減弱、消失）[abnormal carotid pulsation (increase, decrease, disappearance)]
21、甲狀腺[thyroid]
·彌漫（局灶，結(jié)節(jié)）性甲狀腺腫大[diffuse (local, nodular) thyroid enlargement]
·甲狀腺震顫[thyroid tremor]
·震顫[thrill]
·甲狀腺血管雜音[thyroid vascular murmur]
·甲狀腺峽部[isthmus of thyroid gland]
·甲狀旁腺[parathyroid gland]
·甲狀腺囊腫（濾泡、腫塊，出血）[thyroid cyst (follicle, tumor, hemorrhage)]
22、氣管[trachea]
·氣管插管[endotracheal intubation]
·氣管痙攣[tracheospasm]
·氣管囊腫（息肉、狹窄、移位）[tracheal cyst (polyp, stenosis ,displacement)]
·氣管（向右）偏移[displacement of trachea (tracheal deviation to the right)]
·氣管居中[trachea is in the midline]
·氣管內(nèi)異物[intratracheal foreign body]